V₍CE(sat)₎ Calculator Using Ebers–Moll Model
Calculate the collector–emitter saturation voltage using the simplified Ebers–Moll model:
\[
V_{CE(sat)} \approx V_T \ln\left(\frac{I_{CS}}{\alpha_F\,I_{ES}}\right)
\]
where \(V_T\) is the thermal voltage, \(I_{ES}\) is the emitter saturation current, \(I_{CS}\) is the collector saturation current, and \(\alpha_F\) is the forward common‐base current gain.
* Enter all currents in amperes (A) and voltage in volts (V). Ensure that \(\frac{I_{CS}}{\alpha_F\,I_{ES}}>1\).
Step 1: Enter Parameters
Example: 1×10⁻¹⁶ A
Example: 1×10⁻¹⁴ A
Example: 0.98
Example: 0.026 V at 300 K