p-Channel JFET Linear Region Calculator p-Channel JFET Linear Region Calculator Calculate the output (drain) current of a p-channel JFET in the linear region. Step 1: Enter JFET Parameters \(I_{DSS}\) (A) Example: \(5 \times 10^{-3}\) A Pinch-off Voltage, \(V_P\) (V) Enter as a positive value (for p-channel, this represents \(|V_P|\)) Source-to-Gate Voltage, \(V_{SG}\) (V) Example: 4 […]
MOSFET Drain-Gate Circuit Calculator MOSFET Drain-Gate Circuit Calculator Determine \(V_{out}\) and \(I_{out}\) for a diode-connected MOSFET. Step 1: Enter Circuit Parameters Supply Voltage, \(V_{DD}\) (V) Example: 5 V Drain Resistor, \(R_D\) (Ω) Example: 10 kΩ Process Parameter, \(k’\) (A/V²) Example: 0.001 A/V² \(W/L\) Ratio Dimensionless Threshold Voltage, \(V_{TH}\) (V) Example: 1 V Calculate \(V_{out}\) and […]
Common Source MOSFET Amplifier Calculator Common Source MOSFET Amplifier Calculator Calculate the small-signal voltage gain of a common source MOSFET amplifier. Step 1: Enter Circuit Parameters Transconductance, \(g_m\) (S) Example: 0.002 S (2 mS) Drain Resistor, \(R_D\) (\(\Omega\)) Example: 10000 \(\Omega\) (10 kΩ) Source Resistor, \(R_S\) (\(\Omega\)) Enter 0 if a bypass capacitor is used. […]
Density of States per Unit Volume Calculator Density of States Calculator Calculate the density of states per unit volume in a solid. Step 1: Enter Parameters Effective Mass, \(m\) (kg) Default: \(9.11 \times 10^{-31}\) kg (free electron mass) Energy, \(E\) (J) Example: \(1 \times 10^{-19}\) J Calculate Density of States Calculated Density of States Density […]
Particle in a 1-D Box Energy Calculator Calculate the energy levels of a particle confined in a one-dimensional box. Step 1: Enter Parameters Mass, \(m\) (kg) Example: \(9.11 \times 10^{-31}\) kg for an electron Box Width, \(L\) (m) Example: \(1 \times 10^{-10}\) m Quantum Number, \(n\) Enter an integer \(n \geq 1\) Calculate Energy Calculated […]
Newton’s Law of Cooling Calculator Newton’s Law of Cooling Calculator Calculate the temperature of an object at a given time using Newton’s Law of Cooling. Step 1: Enter Parameters Ambient Temperature, \(T_{\text{env}}\) (°C) Initial Temperature, \(T_0\) (°C) Cooling Constant, \(k\) (s\(^{-1}\)) A typical value depends on the object and environment. Time, \(t\) (s) Example: 600 […]
Radiation Energy Calculator Calculate the total radiative power using the Stefan–Boltzmann law. Step 1: Enter Parameters Surface Area, \(A\) (m²) Example: 1 m² Temperature, \(T\) (K) Example: 300 K Emissivity, \(\epsilon\) Typically 1 for a perfect blackbody Calculate Radiative Power Calculated Radiative Power Radiative Power, \(P\): Recalculate Stefan–Boltzmann Law: $$ P = \epsilon\, \sigma\, A\, […]
Rydberg Formula Calculator Calculate the wavelength of a photon for a unielectronic species. Step 1: Enter Atomic Parameters Atomic Number, \(Z\) Example: 1 for Hydrogen, 2 for He\(^+\) Lower Energy Level, \(n_1\) Enter an integer (e.g., 1) Higher Energy Level, \(n_2\) Enter an integer greater than \(n_1\) (e.g., 2) Calculate Wavelength Calculated Wavelength Wavelength, \(\lambda\): […]
Einstein Mass–Energy Calculator Einstein Mass–Energy Calculator Calculate the energy equivalent of a given mass using \(E = m c^2\). Step 1: Enter the Mass Mass, \(m\) (kg) Example: 1 kg Calculate Energy Calculated Energy Energy, \(E\): Recalculate Einstein’s Mass–Energy Relation: $$ E = m c^2 $$ with \( c = 3.0 \times 10^8 \) m/s.
Fermi-Dirac Distribution Calculator Fermi-Dirac Distribution Calculator Calculate the occupancy probability \(f(E)\) using the Fermi-Dirac distribution. Step 1: Enter Parameters Energy, \(E\) (J) Example: \(1 \times 10^{-19}\) J Chemical Potential, \(\mu\) (J) Example: \(1 \times 10^{-19}\) J Temperature, \(T\) (K) Example: 300 K Calculate \(f(E)\) Calculated Occupancy Probability \(f(E)\): Recalculate Fermi-Dirac Distribution: $$ f(E) = \frac{1}{\exp\Bigl(\frac{E-\mu}{k_B […]