pH of Acid Buffer Calculator pH of Acid Buffer Calculator Calculate the pH of a buffer solution using: \[ \text{pH} = \text{p}K_a + \log\left(\frac{[\text{A}^-]}{[\text{HA}]}\right) \] where [A⁻] is the concentration of the conjugate base and [HA] is the concentration of the acid. * Enter the buffer’s pKₐ, conjugate base concentration (mol/L), and acid concentration (mol/L). […]

pH of Salt of Weak Acid and Weak Base Calculator pH of Salt of Weak Acid and Weak Base Calculator Calculate the pH of a solution formed by the salt of a weak acid and a weak base using: \[ \text{pH} = 7 + \frac{1}{2}\left(pK_a – pK_b\right) \] * Enter the weak acid’s pKₐ and […]

pH of Salt of Weak Base and Strong Acid Calculator pH of Salt of Weak Base and Strong Acid Calculator Calculate the pH of a salt solution (from a weak base and strong acid) using: \[ \text{pH} = \frac{\mathrm{p}K_a – \log C}{2} \] * Enter the salt concentration (mol/L) and the pKa of the conjugate […]

Maximum Yield of Intermediate Product Calculator Maximum Yield of Intermediate Product Calculator For a sequential reaction: \( \text{A} \xrightarrow{k_1} \text{B} \xrightarrow{k_2} \text{C} \), the intermediate B reaches its maximum concentration at: \[ t_{\text{max}} = \frac{\ln\left(\frac{k_2}{k_1}\right)}{k_2 – k_1} \] and the maximum yield of B (as a percentage of the initial A) is: \[ \%B_{\text{max}} = […]

Product Yield of Sequential Reaction Calculator Product Yield of Sequential Reaction Calculator Calculate the overall product yield for a sequential reaction system using: \[ \% \text{Yield} = \frac{Y_1 \times Y_2}{100} \] where \(Y_1\)% and \(Y_2\)% are the yields of each sequential step. * Enter the individual yields as percentages (0–100). Step 1: Enter Reaction Yields […]

Parallel Reaction Product Percentage Calculator Parallel Reaction Product Percentage Calculator Calculate the product percentages in parallel reactions using: \[ \%B = \frac{k_1}{k_1 + k_2} \times 100\% \quad \text{and} \quad \%C = \frac{k_2}{k_1 + k_2} \times 100\% \] * Enter the rate constants \(k_1\) and \(k_2\) (in consistent units). Step 1: Enter Rate Constants Rate Constant […]

pH of Salt of Weak Acid and Strong Base Calculator pH of Salt of Weak Acid and Strong Base Calculator Calculate the pH of a solution formed by the salt of a weak acid and a strong base using: \[ \text{pH} = 7 + 0.5\left(pK_a + \log C\right) \] * Enter the weak acid’s pKa […]

Gallons Per Hour Consumption Calculator Gallons Per Hour Consumption Calculator Calculate the consumption in gallons per hour using: \[ \text{GPH} = \text{GPM} \times 60 \] * Enter the flow rate in gallons per minute (GPM). Step 1: Enter Flow Rate Flow Rate, \( \text{GPM} \) (gallons per minute): Example: 10 GPM Calculate GPH Calculated Consumption […]

Pipe Outlet Control Calculator Pipe Outlet Control Calculator Calculate the discharge through a pipe outlet control using: \[ Q = C_d \, A \, \sqrt{2\,g\,H} \] where \( A = \frac{\pi D^2}{4} \). * Enter the outlet diameter (m), head (m), and discharge coefficient. Step 1: Enter Parameters Outlet Diameter, \( D \) (m): Example: […]

Hydrograph Method Calculator Hydrograph Method Calculator Estimate the peak discharge from a watershed using the NRCS Unit Hydrograph method. \[ Q_{\text{peak}} = \frac{4840\, A\, P}{T_p} \] * Enter the watershed area (acres), rainfall excess (inches), and time to peak (min). Step 1: Enter Parameters Watershed Area, \( A \) (acres): Example: 50 acres Rainfall Excess, […]