Radiation Energy Calculator Calculate the total radiative power using the Stefan–Boltzmann law. Step 1: Enter Parameters Surface Area, \(A\) (m²) Example: 1 m² Temperature, \(T\) (K) Example: 300 K Emissivity, \(\epsilon\) Typically 1 for a perfect blackbody Calculate Radiative Power Calculated Radiative Power Radiative Power, \(P\): Recalculate Stefan–Boltzmann Law: $$ P = \epsilon\, \sigma\, A\, […]
Rydberg Formula Calculator Calculate the wavelength of a photon for a unielectronic species. Step 1: Enter Atomic Parameters Atomic Number, \(Z\) Example: 1 for Hydrogen, 2 for He\(^+\) Lower Energy Level, \(n_1\) Enter an integer (e.g., 1) Higher Energy Level, \(n_2\) Enter an integer greater than \(n_1\) (e.g., 2) Calculate Wavelength Calculated Wavelength Wavelength, \(\lambda\): […]
Einstein Mass–Energy Calculator Einstein Mass–Energy Calculator Calculate the energy equivalent of a given mass using \(E = m c^2\). Step 1: Enter the Mass Mass, \(m\) (kg) Example: 1 kg Calculate Energy Calculated Energy Energy, \(E\): Recalculate Einstein’s Mass–Energy Relation: $$ E = m c^2 $$ with \( c = 3.0 \times 10^8 \) m/s.
Fermi-Dirac Distribution Calculator Fermi-Dirac Distribution Calculator Calculate the occupancy probability \(f(E)\) using the Fermi-Dirac distribution. Step 1: Enter Parameters Energy, \(E\) (J) Example: \(1 \times 10^{-19}\) J Chemical Potential, \(\mu\) (J) Example: \(1 \times 10^{-19}\) J Temperature, \(T\) (K) Example: 300 K Calculate \(f(E)\) Calculated Occupancy Probability \(f(E)\): Recalculate Fermi-Dirac Distribution: $$ f(E) = \frac{1}{\exp\Bigl(\frac{E-\mu}{k_B […]
Transmission Coefficient Calculator Transmission Coefficient Calculator Calculate the tunneling probability for a particle through a 1-D barrier. Step 1: Enter Barrier Parameters Particle Mass, \(m\) (kg) Example: Electron mass \(9.11 \times 10^{-31}\) kg Barrier Height, \(U\) (J) Particle Energy, \(E\) (J) Barrier Width, \(L\) (m) Example: 1 nm (1e-9 m) Calculate Transmission Coefficient Calculated Transmission […]
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle Calculator Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle Calculator Calculate the minimum uncertainty in momentum or position. Step 1: Select Calculation Type Calculation Type Calculate \(\Delta p\) (Momentum Uncertainty) from \(\Delta x\)Calculate \(\Delta x\) (Position Uncertainty) from \(\Delta p\) Enter \(\Delta x\) (m) Example: \(1 \times 10^{-10}\) m (Optional) Frequency (Hz) Frequency is not used in […]
Planck’s Relation Calculator Planck’s Relation Calculator Calculate the energy of a photon from its frequency using Planck’s relation. Step 1: Enter Frequency Frequency, \(f\) (Hz) Example: \(5 \times 10^{14}\) Hz (visible light) Calculate Photon Energy Calculated Photon Energy Energy, \(E\): Recalculate Planck’s Relation: $$ E = h \times f $$ where \( h = 6.62607015 […]
Nearly Spherical Surface Capacitance Calculator Nearly Spherical Surface Capacitance Calculator Calculate the capacitance of a nearly spherical conductor. Step 1: Enter Conductor Details Sphere Radius, \(R\) (m) Example: 0.1 m (10 cm) Relative Permittivity, \(\epsilon_r\) For air, \(\epsilon_r \approx 1\); for other materials, use the appropriate value. Correction Factor, \(K\) Default is 1 for a […]
Single Phase Transmission Line Capacitance Calculator Single Phase Transmission Line Capacitance Calculator Calculate the capacitance of a two-wire (single-phase) transmission line. Step 1: Enter Line Details Conductor Radius, \(r\) (m) Example: 0.005 m (5 mm) Distance Between Conductors, \(D\) (m) Enter the center-to-center distance Line Length, \(L\) (m) Relative Permittivity, \(\epsilon_r\) For air, \(\epsilon_r \approx […]
Three Phase Transmission Line Capacitance Calculator Calculate the capacitance of a symmetric three-phase transmission line. Step 1: Enter Line Details Line Length, \(L\) (m) Conductor Radius, \(r\) (m) Enter the effective radius (or GMR) of the conductor. Geometric Mean Distance, \(D_m\) (m) Enter the geometric mean distance between conductors. Relative Permittivity, \(\epsilon_r\) For air, \(\epsilon_r […]