Mill Spindle Speed and Feed Rate Calculator Calculate the spindle speed and feed rate for a milling operation. * Cutting speed (m/min), tool diameter (mm), feed per tooth (mm/tooth), and number of teeth are required. Step 1: Enter Parameters Cutting Speed, \(V\) (m/min): e.g., 150 m/min Tool Diameter, \(D\) (mm): e.g., 10 mm Feed per […]

Battery Charger Calculator Battery Charger Calculator Estimate the charging time using: $$ T = \frac{C \times \left(\frac{SOC_{\text{final}} – SOC_{\text{initial}}}{100}\right)}{I \times \eta} $$ * Ensure battery capacity is in Ah, current in A, and efficiency is entered as a fraction (e.g., 1.0 for 100%). Step 1: Enter Battery Parameters Battery Capacity, \(C\) (Ah): e.g., 100 Ah […]

Finesse Value of Cavity Calculator Finesse Value of Cavity Calculator Calculate the finesse using: $$ \mathcal{F} = \frac{\pi \sqrt{R}}{1 – R} $$ * Enter the mirror reflectivity \(R\) as a fraction (e.g., 0.99). Step 1: Enter Reflectivity Mirror Reflectivity, \(R\) (unitless): e.g., 0.99 for 99% reflectivity Calculate Finesse Calculated Finesse Finesse, \(\mathcal{F}\): Recalculate Finesse Formula: […]

Electro-Dialysis Salt Removal Calculator Electro-Dialysis Salt Removal Calculator Estimate the mass of salt removed using: $$ m = \eta \times \frac{I\, t\, M}{z F} $$ * For NaCl, assume \(M = 58.44\) g/mol and \(z = 2\). Enter time in hours. Step 1: Enter Process Parameters Current, \(I\) (A): e.g., 10 A Time, \(t\) (hours): […]

Volumetric Flow Rate Calculator Volumetric Flow Rate Calculator Calculate the volumetric flow rate using Poiseuille’s Equation: $$ Q = \frac{\pi\, \Delta P\, r^4}{8\, \mu\, L} $$ * Ensure that ΔP is in Pascals (Pa), r and L are in meters (m), and μ is in Pa·s. Step 1: Enter Parameters Pressure Difference, \(\Delta P\) (Pa): […]

Air Pressure at Altitude Calculator Air Pressure at Altitude Calculator Calculate the air pressure \(P\) at a given altitude using: $$ P = P_0 \left(1 – \frac{L\, h}{T_0}\right)^{\frac{g\, M}{R\, L}} $$ * Use SI units: altitude in meters, pressure in Pascals. Step 1: Enter Altitude Altitude, \(h\) (m): e.g., 1000 m Calculate Air Pressure Calculated […]

Bernoulli Energy Head Loss Calculator Bernoulli Energy Head Loss Calculator Calculate the head loss \( h_L \) using: $$ h_L = \frac{P_1 – P_2}{\rho g} + \frac{v_1^2 – v_2^2}{2g} + (z_1 – z_2) $$ * Use consistent SI units: pressures in Pa, density in kg/m³, velocities in m/s, elevations in m, and g in m/s². […]

Ratio to Decibel Calculator Ratio to Decibel Calculator Convert a ratio to decibels using: $$ \text{dB} = \begin{cases} 10\log_{10}(\text{ratio}) & \text{(Power Ratio)} \\ 20\log_{10}(\text{ratio}) & \text{(Voltage Ratio)} \end{cases} $$ Step 1: Enter Parameters Ratio (unitless): e.g., 2 (unitless) Conversion Type: Power Ratio (10 log₁₀(ratio))Voltage Ratio (20 log₁₀(ratio)) Calculate dB Calculated Decibels Result (dB): Recalculate For […]

Doppler Effect Calculator Calculate the observed frequency using the Doppler Effect for a moving source: For Approaching: \( f_{\text{obs}} = f \frac{v}{v – v_s} \),    For Receding: \( f_{\text{obs}} = f \frac{v}{v + v_s} \) * Ensure speeds are in m/s and frequency in Hz. Step 1: Enter Parameters Source Frequency, \(f\) (Hz): e.g., […]

Thermal Stress Calculator Thermal Stress Calculator Calculate the thermal stress on a rod fixed at both ends using: $$ \sigma = E\, \alpha\, \Delta T $$ * Ensure all units are consistent: E in Pa, α in 1/K, and ΔT in K. Step 1: Enter Input Parameters Young’s Modulus, \(E\) (Pa): e.g., 210×10⁹ Pa (for […]