Half-Life Calculator Half-Life Calculator Calculate the remaining amount of a substance after a given time. * Enter all values as positive numbers. Step 1: Enter Data Initial Amount (\(R_0\)): Enter the initial quantity of the substance Half-Life (\(T_{1/2}\)): Enter the half-life period (in the same time unit as elapsed time) Elapsed Time (\(t\)): Enter the […]
Read MoreCombined Gas Law Calculator Combined Gas Law Calculator Solve for one unknown final variable using: $$\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}$$ * Use consistent units (e.g., atm, L, K). Step 1: Enter Initial Conditions Initial Pressure (\(P_1\)) (atm): Initial Volume (\(V_1\)) (L): Initial Temperature (\(T_1\)) (K): Solve for Final Variable: Final Pressure (\(P_2\))Final Volume (\(V_2\))Final Temperature (\(T_2\)) Final […]
Read MoreAir-Filled Circular Cavity Resonator Calculator Estimate the resonant frequency of an air-filled cylindrical cavity (TE₀₁₁ mode). Using the formula: \[ f_{011} = \frac{c}{2\pi}\sqrt{\left(\frac{3.832}{a}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{\pi}{d}\right)^2} \] where \(c \approx 3 \times 10^8\) m/s. * Enter the cavity radius (a) and height (d) in meters. Step 1: Enter Resonator Parameters Cavity Radius, \( a \) (m): […]
Read MoreArchimedes Principle Calculator Calculate the buoyant force using: $$ F_b = \rho_{\text{fluid}} \times g \times V $$ * Enter the fluid density (kg/m³), the volume displaced (m³), and the gravitational acceleration (m/s²). Default \( g \) is 9.81 m/s². Step 1: Enter Parameters Fluid Density, \( \rho_{\text{fluid}} \) (kg/m³): e.g., 1000 kg/m³ for water Displaced […]
Read MoreLaw of Cooling Calculator Law of Cooling Calculator Calculate the temperature at time \(t\) using Newton’s Law of Cooling. * Please enter all voltages/temperatures with their appropriate signs. Step 1: Enter Input Parameters Ambient Temperature, \(T_{env}\) (°C or K): e.g., 25°C Initial Temperature, \(T_0\) (°C or K): e.g., 100°C Cooling Constant, \(k\) (1/s): e.g., 0.01 […]
Read MoreEscape Velocity Calculator Escape Velocity Calculator Calculate the escape velocity \(v_{esc} = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R}}\) (in m/s). Enter Parameters Mass, \(M\) (kg): e.g., \(5.97 \times 10^{24}\) kg (Earth’s mass) Radius, \(R\) (m): e.g., \(6.371 \times 10^6\) m (Earth’s radius) Calculate Escape Velocity Calculated Escape Velocity Escape Velocity, \(v_{esc}\) (m/s): Recalculate Escape Velocity Formula: $$ v_{esc} = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R}} […]
Read MoreDrift Velocity Calculator Drift Velocity Calculator Calculate drift velocity using \(v_d = \frac{I}{n\,q\,A}\). Enter Input Parameters Current, \(I\) (A): e.g., 0.1 A Carrier Density, \(n\) (m\(^{-3}\)): e.g., \(1 \times 10^{21}\) m\(^{-3}\) Cross-sectional Area, \(A\) (m²): e.g., \(1 \times 10^{-6}\) m² Charge per Carrier, \(q\) (C): Default for electrons: \(1.602 \times 10^{-19}\) C Calculate Drift Velocity […]
Read MoreSpherical Capacitance Calculator Spherical Capacitance Calculator Calculate the capacitance of an isolated sphere. Step 1: Enter Sphere Details Sphere Radius, \(R\) (m) Relative Permittivity, \(\epsilon_r\) For air, \(\epsilon_r \approx 1\). For other materials, use the appropriate value. Calculate Capacitance Calculated Capacitance Capacitance \(C\): Recalculate Capacitance Formula: $$ C = 4\pi\,\epsilon_0\,\epsilon_r\,R $$ where \( \epsilon_0 = […]
Read MoreCircular Disk Capacitance Calculator Circular Disk Capacitance Calculator Calculate the self-capacitance of an isolated circular disk. Step 1: Enter Disk Details Disk Radius, \(R\) (m) Relative Permittivity, \(\epsilon_r\) For air, use \(\epsilon_r \approx 1\). Use a different value for other materials. Calculate Capacitance Calculated Capacitance Capacitance \(C\): Recalculate Capacitance Formula: $$ C \approx 8 \, […]
Read MoreMomentum, Kinetic Energy & de Broglie Wavelength Calculator Momentum, Kinetic Energy & de Broglie Calculator Compute the momentum, kinetic energy, and de Broglie wavelength of a particle. Step 1: Enter Particle Parameters Mass, \(m\) (kg) Example: \(1 \times 10^{-30}\) kg Velocity, \(v\) (m/s) Example: \(1 \times 10^{6}\) m/s Calculate Results Results Momentum, \(p\): Kinetic Energy, […]
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